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patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[474,475],{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":477,"title":478,"description":479,"plans":480},"MJlLPyxqTcy9ys2UaZYNKQ","Windows 10 v1909 patches","\u003Cp>Windows 10 1909 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows 10 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[481,482],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":484,"title":485,"description":486,"plans":487},"GscjCa1TQOe5p5Or7g2qyw","Windows 10 v1809 patches","\u003Cp>Windows 10 1809 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows 10 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[488,489],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":491,"title":492,"description":493,"plans":494},"OeQ8xMmJTmadIiPcKYkhvw","Windows 10 v1803 patches","\u003Cp>Windows 10 1803 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows 10 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[495,496],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":498,"title":499,"description":500,"plans":501},"Obe8z8snRYGoLT6BZyzhZw","Windows 7 post-EOS and post-ESU patches","\u003Cp>Windows 7 post-end-of-support patches, for computers without Extended Security Updates (ESU), or computers with any full year of ESU updates installed\u003C/p>",[502,503],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},"Windows Patches","DXze3dvpTu-HF132vKjSug","microsoft-windows-xp",{"alt":508,"url":509,"width":510,"height":510,"responsiveImage":511},"Windows 11 logo","https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png",300,{"srcSet":512,"webpSrcSet":513,"sizes":514,"src":515,"width":516,"height":516,"aspectRatio":210,"alt":508,"title":18,"bgColor":517,"base64":518},"https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&fit=crop&h=40 40w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=1.5&fit=crop&h=40 60w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=2&fit=crop&h=40 80w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=3&fit=crop&h=40 120w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=4&fit=crop&h=40 160w","https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1764600963-win11.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&fit=crop&fm=webp&h=40 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Server 2012 R2 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Windows Server 2012 R2 post-end-of-support patches, for computers without Extended Security Updates (ESU), or computers with any full year of ESU updates installed\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+Server+2012+R2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows Server 2012 R2 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[529,530],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":532,"title":533,"description":534,"plans":535},"ZaeezXKkT3KGln5CQ4NH9w","Windows Server 2012 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Windows Server 2012 post-end-of-support patches, for computers without Extended Security Updates (ESU), or computers with any full year of ESU updates installed\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+Server+2012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows Server 2012 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[536,537],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":539,"title":540,"description":541,"plans":542},"RYxw9xwXR3-OWnsdr8dFEg","Windows Server 2008 R2 post-EOS and post-ESU patches","\u003Cp>Windows Server 2008 R2 post-end-of-support patches, for computers without Extended Security Updates (ESU), or computers with any full year of ESU updates installed\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Windows+Server+2008+R2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Windows Server 2008 R2 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[543,544],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},"Windows Server Patches","J7WLPCrKS7i7B8sAyJpKWg","microsoft-windows-vista",{"alt":549,"url":550,"width":551,"height":510,"responsiveImage":552},"Windows Server 2012-2022 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Office 2019 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Microsoft Office 2019 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Office+2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Microsoft Office 2019 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[570,571],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":573,"title":574,"description":575,"plans":576},"MkFk40IJQhCcXnIO2ZDd4Q","Microsoft Office 2016 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Microsoft Office 2016 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Office+2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Microsoft Office 2016 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[577,578],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":580,"title":581,"description":582,"plans":583},"FFqWfGxfQF2q0uyjyRjVWg","Microsoft Office 2013 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Microsoft Office 2013 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Office+2013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Microsoft Office 2013 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[584,585],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},{"id":587,"title":588,"description":589,"plans":590},"XFYgrsOyRpeuEXk29M4z9g","Microsoft Office 2010 post-EOS patches","\u003Cp>Microsoft Office 2010 post-end-of-support patches\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/patches?product=Office+2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to see the full list of our Microsoft Office 2010 patches\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",[591,592],{"id":283,"title":284},{"id":286,"title":287},"Microsoft Office Patches","VH2unwR4RjycDA1o_6eSFw","microsoft-windows-7",{"alt":597,"url":598,"width":510,"height":510,"responsiveImage":599},"Microsoft Office 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products patches","\u003Cp>We occasionally patch other Windows products, for instance when a critical vulnerability becomes known and the vendor does not provide an official patch in a timely manner\u003C/p>",[613],{"id":283,"title":284},"Other","BrWA-hAsQYSROgTvF-1ecA","microsoft-windows-11",{"alt":618,"url":619,"width":620,"height":621,"responsiveImage":18},"Windows 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more",[688,691],{"id":689,"primary":685,"externalLink":95,"parent":18,"reference":18,"title":690,"description":40,"publishTranslation":42},"B1pEweRaRD2YBkP6aH1CfA","Help center",{"id":692,"primary":42,"externalLink":693,"parent":18,"reference":18,"title":694,"description":40,"publishTranslation":42},"Mk0Yz-yqTk2akShgf7ARNg","https://central.0patch.com/","Sign in",[696,700],{"id":697,"title":698,"url":699},"NDrk5d4kQ96J2aCuTr-gvg","0patch on X","https://twitter.com/0patch",{"id":701,"title":702,"url":703},"GqN4lYxyTMyzcmRllVY4mg","Linked In","https://linkedin.com/company/0patch",{"left":705,"top":705,"width":706,"height":706,"rotate":705,"vFlip":685,"hFlip":685,"body":707},0,24,"\u003Cg fill=\"none\">\u003Cpath d=\"M11.9999 15.0539L6.34619 9.40013L7.39994 8.34637L11.9999 12.9464L16.5999 8.34637L17.6537 9.40013L11.9999 15.0539Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"/>\u003C/g>",{"left":705,"top":705,"width":706,"height":706,"rotate":705,"vFlip":685,"hFlip":685,"body":709},"\u003Cg 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website.",{"tag":722,"attributes":733,"content":18},{"property":734,"content":731},"og:description",{"tag":722,"attributes":736,"content":18},{"name":737,"content":731},"twitter:description",{"tag":722,"attributes":739,"content":18},{"property":740,"content":741},"og:image","https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1200",{"tag":722,"attributes":743,"content":18},{"property":744,"content":745},"og:image:width","1200",{"tag":722,"attributes":747,"content":18},{"property":748,"content":749},"og:image:height","600",{"tag":722,"attributes":751,"content":18},{"property":752,"content":753},"og:image:alt","CVE-2021-40444",{"tag":722,"attributes":755,"content":18},{"name":756,"content":741},"twitter:image",{"tag":722,"attributes":758,"content":18},{"name":759,"content":753},"twitter:image:alt",{"tag":722,"attributes":761,"content":18},{"property":762,"content":32},"og:locale",{"tag":722,"attributes":764,"content":18},{"property":765,"content":77},"og:type",{"tag":722,"attributes":767,"content":18},{"property":768,"content":6},"og:site_name",{"tag":722,"attributes":770,"content":18},{"property":771,"content":772},"article:modified_time","2026-04-01T13:50:15Z",{"tag":722,"attributes":774,"content":18},{"property":775,"content":40},"article:publisher",{"tag":722,"attributes":777,"content":18},{"name":778,"content":779},"twitter:card","summary",{"tag":722,"attributes":781,"content":18},{"name":782,"content":783},"robots","noindex",[785],{"value":786,"locale":32},"micropatches-for-file-extension-url",[788],{"value":42,"locale":32},"2021-09-27T15:21:00+02:00","Mitja Kolsek","2025-08-21T14:07:34+02:00","ays-OEiOTIWgl0NykABT-A",{"blocks":794,"links":807,"value":808},[795],{"id":796,"_modelApiKey":797,"__typename":798,"video":799},"QCDnGUasT1iFMYSIjLUDxg","video_external","VideoExternalRecord",{"url":800,"title":801,"thumbnailUrl":802,"height":803,"provider":804,"providerUid":805,"width":806},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB15TH7IxoY","0patching CVE-2021-40444","https://i.ytimg.com/vi/IB15TH7IxoY/hqdefault.jpg",113,"youtube","IB15TH7IxoY",200,[],{"schema":809,"document":810},"dast",{"type":811,"children":812},"root",[813,829,833,838,842,875,888,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,932,936,943,975,978,982,985,987,991],{"type":814,"children":815},"paragraph",[816,819,827],{"type":817,"value":818},"span","September 2021 Windows Updates brought a fix for ",{"url":820,"meta":821,"type":12,"children":825},"https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444",[822],{"id":823,"value":824},"target","_blank",[826],{"type":817,"value":753},{"type":817,"value":828},", a critical vulnerability in Windows that allowed a malicious Office document to download a remote executable file and execute it locally upon opening such document. This vulnerability was found under exploitation in the wild.",{"type":814,"children":830},[831],{"type":817,"value":832}," ",{"type":834,"level":522,"children":835},"heading",[836],{"type":817,"value":837},"The Vulnerability\n",{"type":814,"children":839},[840],{"type":817,"value":841},"Unfortunately, CVE-2021-40444 does not cover just one flaw but two; this can lead to some confusion:",{"type":843,"style":844,"children":845},"list","numbered",[846,860],{"type":847,"children":848},"listItem",[849],{"type":814,"children":850},[851,858],{"url":852,"meta":853,"type":12,"children":855},"https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal",[854],{"id":823,"value":824},[856],{"type":817,"value":857},"Path traversal",{"type":817,"value":859}," in CAB file extraction: The exploit was utilizing this flaw to place a malicious executable file in a known location instead of a randomly-named subfolder, where it would originally be extracted.\n\n",{"type":847,"children":861},[862],{"type":814,"children":863},[864,866,873],{"type":817,"value":865},"\"File extension\" URL scheme: For some reason, Windows ",{"url":867,"meta":868,"type":12,"children":870},"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/launch",[869],{"id":823,"value":824},[871],{"type":817,"value":872},"ShellExecute",{"type":817,"value":874}," function, a very complex function capable of launching local applications in various ways including via URLs, supported an undocumented URL scheme mapped to registered file extensions on the computer. The exploit was utilizing this \"feature\" to launch the previously downloaded executable file with the Control Panel application and have it executed via URL \".cpl:../../../../../Temp/championship.cpl\". In this case, \".cpl\" was considered a URL scheme, and since .cpl extension is associated with control.exe, this app would get launched and given the provided path as an argument.",{"type":814,"children":876},[877,879,886],{"type":817,"value":878},"The second flaw is the more critical one, as there may exist various other ways to get a malicious file on user's computer (e.g., ",{"url":880,"meta":881,"type":12,"children":883},"https://github.com/Edubr2020/CVE-2021-40444--CABless/blob/main/MS_Windows_CVE-2021-40444%20-%20'Ext2Prot'%20Vulnerability%20'CABless'%20version.pdf",[882],{"id":823,"value":824},[884],{"type":817,"value":885},"via the Downloads folder",{"type":817,"value":887},") and still exploit this second flaw to execute such file.\n",{"type":814,"children":889},[890],{"type":817,"value":832},{"type":834,"level":522,"children":892},[893],{"type":817,"value":894},"Microsoft's Patch\n",{"type":814,"children":896},[897],{"type":817,"value":898},"What Microsoft's patch did was add a check before calling ShellExecute on the provided URL to block URL schemes beginning with a non-alphanumeric character - blocking schemes beginning with a dot such as \".cpl\" -, and further limiting the allowed set of characters for the remaining string.",{"type":814,"children":900},[901],{"type":817,"value":902},"Note that ShellExecute function itself was not patched, and you can still launch a DLL via the Control Panel app by clicking the Windows Start button and typing in a \".cpl:/...\" URL. Effectively, therefore, support for the \"File extension\" URL scheme was not eliminated across entire Windows, just made inaccessible from applications utilizing Internet Explorer components for opening URLs. Hopefully remotely delivered content can't find some other way towards ShellExecute that bypasses this new security check.\n",{"type":814,"children":904},[905],{"type":817,"value":906},"\n",{"type":834,"level":522,"children":908},[909],{"type":817,"value":910},"Our Micropatch\n",{"type":814,"children":912},[913],{"type":817,"value":914},"Microsoft's update fixed both flaws, but we decided to only patch the \"File extension\" URL scheme flaw until someone demonstrates the first flaw to be exploitable by itself.\n",{"type":814,"children":916},[917],{"type":817,"value":918},"The \"File extension\" URL scheme flaw was actually present in two places, in mshtml.dll (reachable from Office documents) and in ieframe.dll (reachable from Internet Explorer), so we had to patch both these executables.\n",{"type":814,"children":920},[921,923,930],{"type":817,"value":922},"Since an official vendor fix is available, it was our goal to provide patches for affected Windows versions that we have ",{"url":924,"meta":925,"type":12,"children":927},"https://0patch.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/4403751356050",[926],{"id":823,"value":824},[928],{"type":817,"value":929},"\"security-adopted\"",{"type":817,"value":931},", as they're not receiving official vendor patches anymore. Among these, our tests have shown that only Windows 10 v1803 and v1809 were affected; the File Extension URL scheme \"feature\" was apparently added in Windows 8.1.",{"type":814,"children":933},[934],{"type":817,"value":935},"We expect many Windows 10 v1903 machines out there may also be affected, so we decided to port the micropatch to this version as well.",{"type":814,"children":937},[938,940],{"type":817,"value":939},"Our CVE-2021-40444 micropatches are therefore available for:",{"type":817,"marks":941,"value":832},[942],"strong",{"type":843,"style":844,"children":944},[945,954,964],{"type":847,"children":946},[947],{"type":814,"children":948},[949,952],{"type":817,"marks":950,"value":951},[942],"Windows 10 v1803 ",{"type":817,"value":953},"32bit or 64bit (updated with May 2021 Updates - latest before end of support)",{"type":847,"children":955},[956],{"type":814,"children":957},[958,961,962],{"type":817,"marks":959,"value":960},[942],"Windows 10 v1809 ",{"type":817,"value":953},{"type":817,"marks":963,"value":832},[942],{"type":847,"children":965},[966],{"type":814,"children":967},[968,971,973],{"type":817,"marks":969,"value":970},[942],"Windows 10 v1903 ",{"type":817,"value":972},"32bit or 64bit (updated with December 2020 Updates - latest before end of support)",{"type":817,"marks":974,"value":832},[942],{"type":814,"children":976},[977],{"type":817,"value":906},{"type":814,"children":979},[980],{"type":817,"value":981},"Below is a video of our patch in action. Notice that with 0patch disabled, Calculator is launched both upon opening the Word document and upon previewing the RTF document in Windows Explorer Preview. In both cases, Process Monitor shows that control.exe gets launched, which loads the \"malicious\" executable, in our case spawning Calculator. With 0patch enabled, control.exe does not get launched, and therefore neither does Calculator.\n",{"type":814,"children":983},[984],{"type":817,"value":906},{"item":796,"type":986},"block",{"type":814,"children":988},[989],{"type":817,"value":990},"\n\n",{"type":814,"children":992},[993,995,1002,1004,1010,1012,1019,1021,1026,1028,1035,1037,1043],{"type":817,"value":994},"In line with our ",{"url":996,"meta":997,"type":12,"children":999},"https://0patch.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360020855914",[998],{"id":823,"value":824},[1000],{"type":817,"value":1001},"guidelines",{"type":817,"value":1003},", these patches require a PRO license. To obtain them and have them applied on your computer(s) along with other micropatches included with a PRO license, create an account in ",{"url":693,"meta":1005,"type":12,"children":1007},[1006],{"id":823,"value":824},[1008],{"type":817,"value":1009},"0patch Central",{"type":817,"value":1011},", install 0patch Agent and register it to your account, then ",{"url":1013,"meta":1014,"type":12,"children":1016},"https://0patch.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360020552934",[1015],{"id":823,"value":824},[1017],{"type":817,"value":1018},"purchase 0patch PRO",{"type":817,"value":1020},".\nFor a free trial, contact ",{"url":1022,"type":12,"children":1023},"mailto:sales@0patch.com",[1024],{"type":817,"value":1025},"sales@0patch.com",{"type":817,"value":1027},".\n Note that no computer restart is needed for installing the agent or applying/un-applying any 0patch micropatches.\n\nWe'd like to thank ",{"url":1029,"meta":1030,"type":12,"children":1032},"https://twitter.com/wdormann",[1031],{"id":823,"value":824},[1033],{"type":817,"value":1034},"Will Dormann",{"type":817,"value":1036}," for an in-depth public analysis of this vulnerability, which helped us create a micropatch and protect our users.\n\nTo learn more about 0patch, please visit our ",{"url":1038,"meta":1039,"type":12,"children":1041},"https://0patch.zendesk.com/hc/en-us",[1040],{"id":823,"value":824},[1042],{"type":817,"value":97},{"type":817,"value":1044},".",{"alt":753,"url":1046,"width":1047,"height":1048,"responsiveImage":1049},"https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png",1600,800,{"srcSet":1050,"webpSrcSet":1051,"sizes":1052,"src":1053,"width":1054,"height":1055,"aspectRatio":228,"alt":753,"title":18,"bgColor":1056,"base64":1057},"https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.25&fit=crop&w=1440 360w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.5&fit=crop&w=1440 720w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.75&fit=crop&w=1440 1080w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&fit=crop&w=1440 1440w","https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.25&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=1440 360w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.5&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=1440 720w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&dpr=0.75&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=1440 1080w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=1440 1440w","(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px","https://www.datocms-assets.com/166020/1774002329-7191_vulncard.png?auto=compress&crop=focalpoint&fit=crop&w=1440",1440,720,"#bd63ad","data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAMCAIAAAD3UuoiAAABLUlEQVR42k1S22EDMQiTgP0H6Gb96yRHEbJzcQhRbBDP+vv5JcGIKLKC0mSyC8juxAiEib1fm2AGgwhKj/+YNBo63Vbz0/sBfenncxQTsBHnoHUhXA+e5XzWCjy2NIO+PHqfe2VyMdjXJRyiAcKNCD665I177PAGj46hkPDVG6k6ujfasDyq2BX0pdhEAx3DgnEbe6SAumau9RERr6mylbXxWqyz9LQ5pdug1iXpdohI/ZcDFcES/ouNDF+aRaDO+PAZnIkiwxlptK/PTv2wOB1NXSuSo3f8ChmqV4NAVSUu0WGpS1RbgoD3KyJz9Vmlk473KKvEGPyKf6QPcIDjb66bEXm3pTLTTeVXX1xXB06/tME60inM1XB4l7Y7jg/xXTZ8yT6/Jz6/Z/Zb2j8nXU9sVUVeqgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",1780067949113]